BAKING SMALL CAKES AND COOKIES

Baking small cakes and cookies are enjoyable and as well as practical techniques are simple and cooking time are short.Cupcakes should be eaten as fresh as possible but cookies can be stored for several days

Baking in a microwave

Use straight sided cups to bake muffins in a microwave rather than in microwave muffins tins

Brush the cups with the oil before adding the mixture. Bake the muffin into small batches.

using a Microwave

Using a flan dish

use a round porcelain fln dish to cook bar cookies in the microwave.Allow to cook then cut into wedges

Adding colours

To add colour into microwave cookies and cakes brush them with honey and scatter with toasted nuts

MAKING SMALL CAKES

using a piping bags

When making a large batch of cupcakes spoons the cake batter into a piping fitted with a large.Plain nozzle pipe the mixture into the cupcakeliners and bake

TOPPING WITH SUGAR

Create a crunchy topping for plain sponge cake by sprinkling them lightly with a brown sugar before baking.

CREATING A SURPRISE

Include a surprise in plain acke by pressing a small square of choclate into the center of the uncooked mixture.

MAKING COOKIES

Cutting out circles

use the rim of upside down wine glass to cut round from rolled out cookies dough if you do not have a cookie cutter. Dim the rim into floor before using it to cut out sticky mixture.

SHAPING DELICATE COOKIES AFTER BAKING

Storing cookie dough

Roll up firm cookie dough and wrap into foil.Store in refrigerator for several weeks baking batch as you need

Improving flavour

Store ginger snaps in a tin for severla days to improve thier flavour. Refresh it in hot oven to serve.

MAKING BISCUITS

Helping biscuits to rise and soften the gluten in the floor use buttermilk or sour cream instead of milk and equal quantity of baking soda and cream of tartar instead of baking poeder.

Rolling biscuit wedge

Instead of cutting round biscuit role the dough in to one smooth circle and cut into wedges withthesharp knife Bake then pull apart to serve

ADDING SAVORY FALAVOUR

To give palin biscuit dough a savory flavour sift 1 tsp of celery salt with the flour or stir in some herbs.

SHAPING STICKY DOUGH

WETTING HANDS

To prevent cookie dough from sticking to your hand wet them in cold water before handling it

CHILLING DOUGH

If cookie dough is too sticky to haandle wrap it in plastic wrap and chill for 30 minutes.If it is still sticky work in some flavour

CAKE DECORATION

You do not need any special skills to decorate cakes impressively.The simplest most basic technique are often the most effective so there is no need to spend hours in the kitchen.Cool dry condition are best for sugar and icing, so avoid working in steamy kitchen.

Applying Topping

• Pouring Icing

To ice a sponge cake quikly,place it on a wire rack over a cookie sheet and pour glaze or melted chocolate over the surface in one movement smoothing around the sides with the knife.Let see

Softening almonds paste

If almonds paste dries out and is hard to roll, warm it in a microwave on medium for 30 seconds.

knead the paste until it is soft enough to roll.

Using Fondant

Roll out ready made fondant icing on a surface lightly dusted with the confectioner sugar. Cornstarch will be easier to brush off the cake than confectioner sugar.

Smoothing fondants

To smooth the side of the cake iced with fondant roll a straight sided jar arounf them.Dust the jar first with cornstarch to prevent it from sticking.

COLOURING ICING

Using a skewer

Control the addition of small amount of liquid food coloring to icing by using a skewer or a toothpick. Dip it into the bottle and use it like a dropper to drip the colouring into the icing.

Decorating With sugar

using a doily

To decorate a plain cake palce a paper doily on top and sprinkle the cake with confectionaires sugar.Lift the doily off to reveal a lace pattern.

Using stencils

Cut out paper shapes and arrange these stencils on top of the cake you wish to decorate. Sprinkle the cake with confectionaries sugar then remove the shape to reveal the stenciled designs.

FILLING PIPING BAGS

Working with a acup

To fill a piping bag with without mess fit the bag with a nozzle place in a measuring cup and turn the top of the bag cup.The bag is held open while icing is spooned in

Using flowers

washing flowers

wash delicate flower with a fine water mist before using shakes off excess water and dry on an absorbent paper towel.

Coating edible flowers

Decorating edible flower with a thin coating of sugar .

First brush egg white onto the petal with a soft paintbrush. Sprinkle the petal lightly with a super fine sugar and let dry for 24 hours

BIOLOGICAL STAINS

Treat biological stains immediately, since they can be difficult to remove if they are allowed to set.Also they carry a bad smell which tend to linger if the stain is not wash as soon as possible

BLOOD STAINS

Blood is a combination stain that soak into surface and leave a deposit on the top. The stain is not thick as other biologiacal satins and therefore cannot be scarped off but it should be wiped or brushed off immediatly. After that treat the colour stain.

ON CLOTH

1 Add a handful of salt into a cold water. Soak the stained item of clothing for 15 minutes, making sure it is completely immersed.

2 Soak the item in biological detergent next then launder as usual

ON MATRESSES

1 Turn the mattress on its side Prop it up to prevent the stain and treatment from soaking in

2 Position a towel directly beneath the stain.Always wear rubber gloves when treat biological stains

3 Sponge the markrepeating until it disappear, Hold the towel in palce beneath the stains so that the nothing trickle down

4 Follow the three step then next apply te thick paste made up of bicarbonate of soda and water to any stains that remain.

5 Leave the paste to dry then brush it off with a dry cloth repeat if necessary.

ON CARPETS

General treatment

Sponge the area with the cold water and blot dry. Repeat until the stain disappear.If this does not work,use a carpet spotting kit followed by an application of carpet shampoo.

DRIED BLOOD STAINS

On Clothes Soak in ahydrogen peroxide solution with 1tsp added ammonia( do not use on nylon)

On Carpets

Use a glycerrine solution then treat as for fresh stains

On Unreated Wood

Bleach stain with diluted household bleach then recolour the wood to its orignol shade.

SPILLED DRINKS

Fruit juice stains

• fruit juice cause problem stains because of the residue they leave especially dark colour fruit such as red berry and blackcurrants.If they are allowed to dry it become very difficult to remove and unless treated carefully will leave a permanent mark.

Fresh stains

• Clothes rinse under cold running water until as much of the mark as possible is removed. Treat any colour with methylated spirt or a stain remover.
• Carpet Blot with paper towel. Rub the area with the laundary prewash stick and leave for a few minutes.Rinse off and blot off and shampoo.Treat any remaining colour with methylated spirit.

Furniture sponge with cold water and blot dry. Use a liquid stain remover.

TEA ,COFFEE AND COCOA STAINS

These stains tend to be the combination of the colouring of the drink and grease from any milk added.Blot the whole stain initailly, then attack the grease and then use a methood to get rid of the colours.

Tea stains that have been dried require sepertae treatment.

ON FABRIC

FRESH TEA STAINS

Rinse stain in lukewarm water then soak in a borax solution.Rinse stain on blanket at once on warm water then launder. Rinse table linen immediately under a cold water, then soak and launder.

COFFEE AND COCOA

Rinse in warm water Soak in a biologiacl detergents Solution or in laundary borax solution

DRIED TEA STAINS

1 Drape the stains item over a bowl or basin and sprinkle with laundary borax until the whole stain is thickly covered.

2 Pour a kettle full of hot water arround the stains working toward the centre.Repeat treatment if necessary.

ON CARPET

Black coffee and cocoa

Sponge the stain repeatedly with tepid water or flush it several time with soda syphon, then blot

TEA

Blot with a paper towel then sponge with a tepid water.Use a little carpet shampoo and use an aerosol stain remover when dry.

ON FURNITURE

Black Coffee

Blot sponge if necessary, shampoo.Lubricate dry stain with a glycerine solution.

Rinse and blot well.Use an aerosol stain remover on any remaining remover.

Tea

Sponge with a laundary borax solution then wipe with a damp cloth.When dry use an aerosol stain remover.

Coloured food stains

COLOURED FOOD STAINS

FOOD TYPE		ON WASHABLE FABRICS	ON OTHER SURFACE
	Tomato sauce Treat tomato sauce and other bottled sauce in the same way	Hold fresh stains under cold. Running water and rub between your fingers.Apply a prewash treatmentm then launder according to fabric	On carpet remove deposit and sponge with warm water.Blot dry, apply carpet shampoo and wipe off.When dry use a spray stain remover.
	Mustard Mustard powder can be brushed off. Ready mixed mustard produces a stain that is difficult to remove.	Rub fresh stains between your fingers in a mild detergent solution then sponge with a ammonia solution.soften dry stain with the glycerine and leave for atleast an hour.	Sponge carprt and furniture with a mild detergent then in ammonia solution.Avoid overwetting and finish by sponging with clean water.
	Jam and preserve These leave sticky residues that should be scooped up and wiped with a damp cloth	Launderind should remove stains. Soak dried marks for half an hour in a laundary borax solution.	Sponge furniture with a warm washing up liquad solution.Sprinkle laundary borex on the mark and sponge offafter 15 minutes.on carpet use carpet shampoothen methylated spirit on remaining marks
	Curry and turmeric These are two of the worst stains. Do not get them on wall coverings where the only solution is patch.	Rinse stain in tepid water, rub in a glycerine solution, leave for half an hour then rinse.Launder in biological solution if possible.use a hydrogen peroxide on persistent stains.	Sponge carpet and furniture with a laundar borex solution. If this is not work on furniture have the covers dry cleaned.a laundary prewash stick is also be effective on carpets
	Choclate Dropped pieces of choclate become a problem if it once they get warm	Allow to set them then scrape the dry deposit with knife Soak then launder in biological detergent if suitable	Allow to set then scrape with the blunt knife.apply alather of carpet shampoo rubbing in gently.Wipe off with a damp cloth and use a liquad stains remover when dry.

EGG STAINS

Egg is a sticky stain the merest drop of hot water cause it to set and form a crusty deposit that is much harder to remove than a fresh stain.If you cannot treat an egg stain immediatelly,cover it with damp cloth to keep it moist and prevent it from setting.

ON FURNITURE

Use a damp white cloth to remove the spilled egg, If only egg white has been spilled or you manage to clear the yolk,sponge with cold, saltywater. For yolk alone damb with lather from a washing up solution.

ON CARPET

Scrape up the deposit then use al liquid stain remover to tackle what remains.If a mark is still visible when dry then apply a carpet shampoo solution.

ON CLOTHES

Washable fabrics

Sponge with cold salty water,Rinse off when it looks as if the stain has disappeared.Soak in biological detergent solutin if necessary

Non washable fabrics

Sponge with salt water then sponge off with clear water and blot dry.Use an aerosol stain remover on remaining marks.

FOOD STAINS

Grease stains are straightforward to remove from fabrics, but they may cause more of a problem on carpet and furniture.

Ties and scarves are susceptible to grease spots, Spray non washable items when new or newly dry cleaned with a fabric protection spray.

ON CARPETS

1 Place a brown paper on grease maark. Apply the tip of the warm iron until the grease is absorbed into the brown paper.

2 Apply a solution of carpet shampoo to the remaining mark, using a sponge. Rub into the carpet gentlybut firmly for few minutes.

3 Wipe of the foam with a clean sponge or cloth. Inspect the mark,if it remains or reappear later, repeat the treatment from the begining.

ON FURNITURE

1 Sprinkle talcum powder thickly over the grease mark, and leave until the grease begin to br absorbed.

2 After 10 minutes brush off the talcum powder.If the mark still appear to be greasy repeat the treatment.

OTHER GREASY STAINS

MAYONNAISE

• On washable clothes

Sponge with warm water then soak in a solution of abiological detergent before laundering.

• On non washable fabrics

Wipe with a damp cloth then use an aerosol grease solvents.

• Mayonnaise on carpet

Scrape up as much as possible then blot. use a general stain remover for light marks and carpet treatment opposite to remove heavier stains

ICE CREAM

• On washable fabrics

Wipe with the damp cloth then soak in a detergent solutions.

• On a nonwashable fabrics

Blot then wipe with a damp cloth wrung out of warm water.Use a grease solvents

• Icecream on carpet

Scrape up the deposit and wipe the area with the damp cloth. Clean with a solution of carpet shampoo. Use a stain remover or grease solvent if mark remains.

GRAVY

• On washable fabrics

Soak overnight in tepid water then launder according to the fabrics. Soak dried marks in biological detergent if the fabric permits.

• On non washable fabrics

use an aerosol stain treatment

• Gravy on carpet

Scoop up what you can with a spoon or blot the area dry with paper towels. Treat with a liquid stain remover followed by an application of carpet shampoo.